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Network Revolution - Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization playing their part in the next Industrial Revolution Information Technology started to change with the evolution of the cloud computing which was driven by virtualization in the computing era. The benefits of the cloud computing stand on networking and telecommunication as Software Defined Networks(SDN) and Network Function Virtualization(NFV). Software Defined Networking is basically separating the control functionality from the networking hardware  and leaves the data forwarding plane on the hardware as the data plane. Typically, it is on the separation data and control planes in the networking hardware and the control functionalities are migrated as software functions. Network Function Virtualization(NFV) is about replacing the existing specialized hardware functions with a virtualized function which are written in some programmable language.        In the current IT community, the software develope

Nmap (Network Mapper) is an open source and free tool that is used for network exploitation and security auditing that supports ping scanning. Nmap uses "raw IP packets" to determine the available hosts and ports of the network and other dozens of characteristics of the network. GUI option for Nmap is known as Zenmap. Installing nMap Run " sudo apt-get install nmap " command after running " sudo apt-get update ". Because sometimes, when you are planning to install nmap in ubuntu 18.04, after running "apt-get install nmap" it says that "Enable to locate packages". So it is better to install after updating the system. Using nmap commands 1. Nmap using against scanning host and IP addresses nmap <IP address>  Figure 01 : scanning a host using nmap comand Also you can use FQDN of the hosts to scan the hosts ex: nmap host1.example.com (Note : the FQDN should be resolved) 2.Multiple Ip addresses scan nmap <IP address 1&