Routing Basics

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 Routing Basics

1.Router and it's functions

Router : a networking device that discovers network topologies and forwarding packets

Routing is like building maps and giving directions. It has to learn about the details of the potential destinations. So it collects information, which can be static, manual or dynamic. 

Router has two main functions

 -  Routing : Learn about the network through it's neighbours

 -  Forwarding : Packet is forwarded between routers until it reaches it's destination

2. Router Architecture

 -  IP routing table : a data table stored on a router mapping the surrounded network topology and routers.

 -  IP forwarding table : a data table on network switches that uses MAC addresses to map the proper interface to which packet should be forwarded.


3. Routing protocol Basics

 - Static routes

Routes are configured by administrators

There is a special route called default route. It is used to route packets that are not explicitly listed in the routing table. It is also known as the gateway to last resort

- Dynamic routes

Network technique that provides optimal data routing.

enables routers to select paths according to real time logical network layout changes.


i. Routing Protocols

Interior gateway or exterior gateway routing protocol

class or classless protocol

Distance vector, link state or path vector protocol

What is IGP

generally used to find the path information within a network, it is commonly used for ISP's infrastructure addresses, but not for customer prefixes.

    -    RIPv1 andRIPv2

    -    IGRP and EIGRP

    -    OSPF

    -    IS-IS

What is EGP

Used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems. it is important for reachability on the internet.

    -    EGP, BGP





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